MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Search

866.626.6847

Paroxetine

Selected References:

  • Alwan S, et al. 2007. Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356(26):2684-2692.
  • Andrade S, et al. 2009. Antidepressant use and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 18(3):246-252.
  • Berard A, et al. 2016. The risk of major cardiac malformations associated with paroxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 81(4):589-604.
  • Berard A, et al. 2017. Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: An updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. BMJ Open;7:e013372.
  • Biffi, A, et al. 2020. Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 124:99–108.
  • Bonari L, et al. 2004. Perinatal risks of untreated depression during pregnancy. Can J Psychiatry 49(11):726-735.
  • Chambers C, et al. 2006. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N Engl J Med 354(6)579-587.
  • Costei A, et. al. 2002. Perinatal outcome following third trimester exposure to paroxetine. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156:1129-1132.
  • Creeley, C. E., & Denton, L. K. 2019. Use of Prescribed Psychotropics during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Pregnancy, Neonatal, and Childhood Outcomes. Brain Sciences, 9(9)::235
  • De Vries, C., et al. 2020. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Considering the Risk for Congenital Heart Defects of Antidepressant Classes and Individual Antidepressants. Drug Safety. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-020-01027
  • Diav-Citrin O, et al. 2008. Paroxetine and fluoxetine in pregnancy: a prospective, multicentre, controlled observational study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 66(5): 695-705.
  • Einarson A, et al. 2008. Evaluation of the risk of congenital cardiovascular defects associated with use of paroxetine during pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry AiA:1-5.
  • Einarson A, et al. 2009. Rates of spontaneous and therapeutic abortions following use of antidepressants in pregnancy: results from a large prospective database. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 31:452-456.
  • Fischer Fumeaux, CJ, et al. 2019. Risk-benefit balance assessment of SSRI antidepressant use during pregnancy and lactation based on best available evidence – an update. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 18(10):949–963.
  • Fitton, CA, et al. 2020. In utero exposure to antidepressant medication and neonatal and child outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 141(1): 21–33.
  • Gabriel M & Sharma V. 2017. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. CMAJ;189:E747.
  • Galbally, M., et al. 2020. Antidepressant exposure in pregnancy and child sensorimotor and visuospatial development. Journal of Psychiatric Research;S0022-3956(20)31095-5.
  • Gao S, et al. 2018. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births. BMC Med. 16:205.
  • Grigoriadis S et al. 2013. Antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and congenital malformations: is there an association? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the best evidence.J Clin Psychiatry. 74(4):e293-308.
  • Hansen CH, et al. 2017. The six most widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors decrease androgens and increase estrogens in the H295R cell line. Toxicol In Vitro. 41:1-11
  • Hendrick V, et al. 2001. Use of sertraline, paroxetine and fluvoxamine by nursing women. Br J Psychiatry 179:163-166
  • Hernandez-Diaz S. 2007. Risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics 120 (2):e272-282.
  • Jordan S, et al. 2016. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in pregnancy and congenital anomalies: Analysis of linked databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark. PLOS One; 11(12): e0165122.
  • Kallen B, et al. 2008. Maternal use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 17(8):801-806.
  • Kieviet N, et al. 2015. Risk factors for poor neonatal adaptation after exposure to antidepressants in utero. Acta Paediatr.104(4):384-91.
  • Leerssen, E. C. M., et al. 2019. Severe transient neonatal long QT syndrome due to maternal paroxetine usage: a case report. Cardiology in the Young, 29(10), 1300–1301. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951119001938
  • Levinson-Castiel R, et al. 2006. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in term infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160:173-176.
  • Louik C, et al. 2007. First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356(26):2675-2683.
  • McDonagh MS, et al. 2014. Antidepressant treatment of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Evidence report/technology assessment No. 216. (Prepared by the Pacific Northwest Evidnece-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10057-I.). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
  • Mesches, G. A., et al. 2020. A common clinical conundrum: Antidepressant treatment of depression in pregnant women. Seminars in Perinatology, 44(3), 151229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151229
  • Misri S, et al. 2000. Paroxetine levels in postpartum depressed women, breastmilk, and infant serum. J Clin Psychiatry 61(11):828-832.
  • Molenaar, N. M., et al. 2018. Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418762057
  • Nakhai-Pour HR, et al. 2010. Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. CMAJ 182(10):1031-1037.
  • Nulman I, et al. 1997. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to antidepressant drugs. NEJM 336(4):258-262.
  • Nulman I, et al. 2012.Neurodevelopment of children following prenatal exposure to venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or untreated maternal depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2012 169(11):1165-1174.
  • Ornoy, A., & Koren, G. 2018. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use in pregnant women; pharmacogenetics, drug-drug interactions and adverse effects. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 14(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2018.1430139
  • Ornoy A, Koren G. 2014. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in human pregnancy: On the way to resolving the controversy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 19(3):188-194.
  • Orsolini L, Bellantuono C. 2015. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and breastfeeding: A systematic review. Hum Psychopharmacol. 30:4-20.
  • Paxil Prescribing Information, 020936s047lbl.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2021, from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020936s047lbl.pdf
  • Pogliani L, Baldelli S, Cattaneo D et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors passage into human milk of lactating women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;1-11.
  • Prady, S. L., et al. 2018. A systematic review of maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy and short- and long-term offspring’s outcomes. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 21(2), 127–140.
  • Raffi, E. R., et al. 2019. Safety of Psychotropic Medications During Pregnancy. Clinics in Perinatology, 46(2), 215–234.
  • Sanz E, et al. 2005. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnant women and neonatal withdrawal syndrome: a database analysis. Lancet 365:482-487.
  • Schoretsanitis G, et al. 2020. The impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants: a systematic critical review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol.16(5):431-440.
  • Stowe Z, et al. 2000. Paroxetine in human breastmilk and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry 157(2):185-189.
  • Tanrikut, C., et al. 2010. Adverse effect of paroxetine on sperm. Fertility and Sterility, 94(3), 1021–1026.
  • Tosounidou, S., & Gordon, C. 2020. Medications in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 64, 68–76.
  • Trifu, S. C., et al. 2020. Affective disorders: A question of continuing treatment during pregnancy (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(4), 3474–3482.
  • Uguz, F. 2020. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review of current meta-analyses. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 19(12), 1595–1604.
  • Uguz F, Arpaci N. 2016. Short-Term Safety of Paroxetine and Sertraline in Breastfed Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a University Hospital. Breastfeed Med.11:487-9.
  • Uguz F. 2019. Short-term safety of paroxetine plus low-dose mirtazapine during lactation. Breastfeed Med. 14(2):131-132.
  • Wang S, et al. 2015. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Journal of the American Heart Association. 4(5).
  • Weissman AM, et al. 2004. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry June; 161(6): 1066- 1078.
  • Wichman CL, et al. 2009. Congenital heart diease associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy. Mayo CLin Proc 84(1):23- 27.
  • Wurst K, et al. 2010. First trimester paroxetine use and the prevalence of congenital, specifically cardiac, defects: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 88(3):159-170
  • Yardimci, A., et al. 2019. Effects of long-term paroxetine or bupropion treatment on puberty onset, reproductive and feeding parameters in adolescent male rats. Andrologia, 51(6), e13268.
  • Zheng L, Yang H, Dallmann A. 2022. Antidepressants and Antipsychotics in Human Pregnancy: Transfer Across the Placenta and Opportunities for Modeling Studies. J Clin Pharmacol. 62 Suppl 1:S115-S128.

This website is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $6,000,000 with zero percentage financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government.