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West Nile Virus Infection

Selected References

  • Asadi L, Bunce PE. 2013. West Nile virus infection. CMAJ;185(18):E846. 
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation of Infants Born to Mothers Infected with West Nile Virus During Pregnancy. MMWR 53(07):154-156.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Intrauterine West Nile Virus Infection – New York, 2002. MMWR 51(50):1135-1136.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Possible West Nile Virus Transmission to an Infant Through Breastfeeding – Michigan, 2002. MMWR 51(39):877-878.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. West Nile Virus Transmission. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. West Nile Virus Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html.
  • Committee on Infectious Disease, American Academy of Pediatrics: 2021 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd Edition, page 848.
  • Herring R, et al. 2019. Pediatric West Nile Virus-Associated Neuroinvasive Disease: A Review of the Literature. Pediatr Neurol 92(March):16-25.
  • Hinckley AF, et al. 2006. West Nile Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in A Northern Colorado Community, 2003-2004. Am J Epidemio 163(11Suppl): S55.
  • Hinckley AF, et al. 2007. Transmission of West Nile virus through human breast milk seems to be rare. Pediatrics 119(3):e666-671.
  • Mann TZ et al. 2018. Breast milk transmission of flaviviruses in the context of Zika virus: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 32(4):358-368.
  • O’Leary DR, et al. 2006. Birth outcomes following West Nile Virus infection of pregnant women in the United States: 2003-2004. Pediatrics 117(3):e537-545
  • Paisley JE, et al. 2006. West Nile virus infection among pregnant women in a northern Colorado community, 2003 to 2004. Pediatrics 117(3):814-820.
  • Pridjian, et al. 2016. Prospective Study of Pregnancy and Newborn Outcomes in Mothers with West Nile Illness during Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 106(8):716-723.
  • Rasmussen SA, et al. 2017. Studying the Effects of Emerging Infections on the Fetus:  Experience with West Nile and Zika Viruses. Birth Defects Res 109(5):363-371.
  • Sirois et, al. 2014. Developmental Outcomes in Young Children Born to Mothers with West Nile Illness during Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 100(10):792-796.
  • Stewart R, et al. 2013. West Nile Virus Infection in Pregnancy. Case Reports in Infectious Disease. V 2013, Article ID 351872.
  • Wesson DM. 2006. Is West Nile virus a teratogen? (abs) Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:357. 

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