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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

H5N1 Flu

Selected References:

  • Byington CL, et al. 2026. Milk as a Transmission Vehicle for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1). Pediatrics; 157(2):e2025072525.  
  • Fiore AE et al. 2010. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 59(RR-8):1-62. Er ratum: Vol . 59, No. RR-8. 
  • Gu J, et al. 2007. H5N1 infection of respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study. Lancet; 370:1137-1145.  
  • Le TV, et al. 2019. Fatal avian influenza A(H5N1) infection in a 36‐week pregnant woman survived by her newborn in Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam, 2012. Influenza Other Respir Viruses; 13(3):292-297.  
  • Liu S, et al. 2016. Avian influenza virus in pregnancy. Rev Med Virol; 26(4):268-284.  
  • Purcell R, et al. 2025. Systematic Review of Avian Influenza Virus Infection and Outcomes during Pregnancy. Emerg Infect Dis. 31(1):50-56. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2008. Prevention and control of influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR; 57(RR07):1-60. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. Clinical Overview of Evaluating and Managing Patients Exposed to Birds Infected with Avian Influenza A Viruses of Public Health Concern. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/hcp/clinicians-evaluating-patients/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/clinicians-evaluating-patients.htm. Last Accessed August 2026. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2025. Current Situation: H5N1 Bird Flu in People . Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/inhumans.html. Last Accessed August 2026. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html. Last Accessed August 2026. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  2025. Preventing Bird Flu Infections. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html. Last Accessed August 2026.  
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2025. Reducing Risk for People Working with or Exposed to Animals. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html. Last Accessed August 2026.  
  • Writing Committee of the Second World Health Organization Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus. 2008. Update on Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection in Humans. N Engl J Med; 358(3):261-273.  
  • Zaman K, et al. 2008. Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med; 359(15):1555-64.