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Clonazepam (Klonopin®)

Selected References:

  • Almgren M, et al. 2009. Population-based study of antiepileptic drug exposure in utero—influence on head circumference in newborns. Seizure 18(10):672-675.
  • Artama M, et al. 2013. Drug and Pregnancy Group: Effects of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring: nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland. Drug Saf 36(5):359-369.
  • Bech BH, et al. 2014. Use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth: population-based cohort study. BMJ 349:g5159.
  • Bjork M-H, et al 2022. Association of prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication with risk of autism and intellectual disability. JAMA Neurol. Jul 1;79(7): 727.
  • Brandlistuen RE, et al. 2017. Association of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and child internalizing problems: A sibling-controlled cohort study. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181042.
  • Christensen et al. 2013. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. JAMA 309(16):1696-703.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/017533s055lbl.pdf. Revised 2016. Accessed 02122022.
  • Daugaard C, et al. 2020. Association of prenatal exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs with intellectual disability and delayed childhood milestones. JAMA Netw Open 3(11):e2025570.
  • Kallen B, et al. 2013. The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals 6(10):1221-1286.
  • Kilic D, et al. 2014. Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs–a population-based study. Epilepsia 55(11):1714-1721.
  • Lin, A, et al. 2004. Clonazepam use in pregnancy and the risk of malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 70(8):534-536.
  • Oberlander TF, et al. 2004. Pharmacologic factors associated with transient neonatal symptoms following prenatal psychotropic medication exposure. J Clin Psychiatry 65(2):230-237.
  • Soussan C. et al. 2014 Drug-induced adverse reactions via breastfeeding: a descriptive study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 70:1361-6.
  • Vajda FJE, et al. 2014. The teratogenicity of the newer antiepileptic drugs – an update. Acta Neurol Scand 130(4):234-238.
  • Veiby G, et al. 2014. Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. J Neurol 261(3):579-588.
  • Veiby G, et al. 2015. Epilepsy and recommendations for breastfeeding. Seizure 28:57-65.
  • Veroniki, AA, et al. 2017. Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs for neurological development in children exposed during pregnancy and breast feeding: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 7(7):e017248.
  • Weinstock L, et al. 2001. Obstetrical and neonatal outcome following clonazepam use during pregnancy: a case series. Psychother Psychosom 70(3):158-162.

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