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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Clonidine

Selected References:

  • Bang Madsen K, et al. 2023. In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes. Molecular psychiatry; 28(4)1739–1746.  
  • Boutroy MJ, et al. 1988. Clonidine: Placental transfer and neonatal adaption. Early Hum Dev; 17:275-286. 
  • Bunjes R, Schaefer C. 1993. Clonidine and breast-feeding. Clinical Pharm 12:178-9. 
  • Frazier, LM, et al. 2020. Emerging therapies for the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine; 6:1-9. 
  • Horvath JS, et al. 1985. Clonidine hydrochloride a safe and effective antihypertensive agent in pregnancy. Obstet Gyneco;l 66:634-8. 
  • Huisjes, et al. 1986. Is clonidine a behavioural teratogen in the human? Early Hum Dev; 14:43-8. 
  • Khan A, et al. 1970. Clonidine (Catapres): a new anti-hypertensive agent. Cur Ther Res; 12:10. 
  • Liu X, et al. 2026. Clonidine compromises human sperm functions. Reproductive Toxicology; 140, 109164.  
  • Maina A, et al. 2014. Transdermal clonidine in the treatment of severe hyperemesis: A pilot randomized controlled trial (CLONEMESI). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; 121,1556–1562. 
  • Mirmiran M. 1986. The importance of fetal/neonatal REM sleep. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 21:283-91. 
  • Rothberger S, et al. 2010. Pharmacodynamics of clonidine therapy in pregnancy: a heterogeneous maternal response impacts fetal growth. Am J Hypertens; 23(11):1234-40. 
  • Sevrez C, et al. 2014. [Transplacental or breast milk intoxication to clonidine: a case of neonatal hypotonia and drowsiness]. Arch Pediatr; 21(2):198-200.  
  • Stoll C, et al. 1979. Robert’s syndrome and clonidine. J Med Genet; 16:486-8. 
  • Terada H, et al. 2005. Oral clonidine advances spermatogenesis in oligozoospermic patients with spermatogenetic maturation arrest. International journal of urology: official journal of the Japanese Urological Association; 12(9),815–820.  
  • Tuimala R, et al. 1985. Clonidine in the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae Supplementum; 197,47–50. 
  • Tsai TH, et al. 1982. Teratologic and reproductive studies of lofexidine. Arzneimittelforsh; 32:962-6. 
  • Zangeneh F, et al. 2022. The first report of clonidine in vivo/in vitro effects on infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (in vivo/in vitro study). Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 42(5),1331–1339.  

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