Call Text Chat Email Refer a Patient Join a Study

Search

MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

High Cholesterol

Selected References:  

  • Adank MC, et al. 2019. Is maternal lipid profile in early pregnancy associated with pregnancy complications and blood pressure in pregnancy and long term postpartum?.Obstet Gynecol; 221(2): 150-e1. 
  • Agarwala A, et al. 2024. Dyslipidemia management in women of reproductive potential: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol; 18(5):e664-e684. 
  • Arias A, et al. 2022. Implications of High-Density Cholesterol Metabolism for Oocyte Biology and Female Fertility. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology; 10:941539.  
  • Berge LN, et al. 1996. Pregnancy related changes in some cardiovascular risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 75:439–442. 
  • Brizzi P, et al. 1999. Lipoprotein metabolism during normal pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol;  181(2):430-34. 
  • Christensen S, et al. 2023. Maternal inflammatory, lipid and metabolic markers and associations with birth and breastfeeding outcomes. Frontiers in nutrition; 10:1223753.  
  • Christopher BA, et al. 2019. Evaluation and management of lipid disorders: summary. Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol;  133:609. 
  • Cristodoro M, et al. 2024. Dietary Patterns and Fertility. Biology; 13(2),131.  
  • Dal Pino B, et al. 2026. Severe familial hypercholesterolemia and pregnancy: handle with care. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis; 104767.  
  • de Oliveira AA, et al. 2026. Excessive hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. J Physiol; 604(11):4302-4317.  
  • France M, et al. 2016. HEART UK statement on the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in the United Kingdom. Atherosclerosis; 255:128-139.  
  • Graham DF, et al. 2021. Management of familial hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy. Curr Opin Lipidol; 32(6):370-377. 
  • Goharkhay N, et al. 2008. Maternal hypercholesterolemia leads to activation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the offspring. Amer J Obstet Gynecol; 199(3): 273-e1. 
  • Goldberg AC et al. 2011. Familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosis and management of pediatric and adult patients: clinical guidance from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol; 5(3 Suppl):S1-8.  
  • Gootjes D, et al. 2022. Maternal lipid profile in pregnancy and embryonic size: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth; 22(1):333.  
  • Grandi SM, et al. 2026. Elevated lipid levels and altered semen parameters in men of couples seeking fertility care. Am J Epidemiol; May 12:kwag103. 
  • Holven KB, et al. 2026. Challenges in the care of women with familial hypercholesterolaemia during the reproductive period – current evidence and practical guidance. Atherosclerosis; 415:120679. 
  • Jiang S et al. 2017. Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm birth: A meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol; 56(1):9-15.  
  • Kaneko K, et al. 2022. High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Frontiers in endocrinology; 13:939366.  
  • Klevmoen M, et al. 2021. Loss of statin treatment years during pregnancy and breastfeeding periods in women with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis;. 335:8-15.  
  • Liberis A, et al. 2021. Lipid Disorders in Pregnancy. Curr Pharm Des. 27(36):3804-3807. 
  • Mauri M, et al. 2021. Dyslipemias and pregnancy, an update. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 33(1):41-52.  
  • Moayeri M, et al. 2017. Maternal lipid profile and the relation with spontaneous preterm delivery: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet; 295(2):313-323. 
  • Mulder J, et al. 2024. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy: consequences for mother and child. Current opinion in lipidology; 35(3): 133-140.  
  • Napoli C, et al. 1999. Influence of maternal hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy on progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood: Fate of Early Lesions in Children (FELIC) study. Lancet; 354(9186): 1234-41.  
  • Nasioudis D, et al. 2018. Dyslipidemia in pregnancy and maternal-fetal outcome. Minerva ginecologica. 71(2):155-62. 
  • Ogura et al. 2016. Lipoprotein apheresis is essential for managing pregnancies in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Seven case series and discussion. Atherosclerosis; 254:179-183. 
  • Omolaoye T, et al. 2022. Statins and Male Fertility: Is There a Cause for Concern?. Toxics; 10(10):627.  
  • Pugh et al. 2017. Preconception maternal lipoprotein levels in relation to fecundability. Hum Reprod.15:1-9. 
  • Pushpendra A, et al. 2015. Hyper-lipidemia and male fertility: a critical review of literature.  Andrology; 4(2).  
  • Schisterman EF, et al. 2014. Lipid concentrations and couple fecundity: the LIFE study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 99(8):2786-94. 
  • Schisterman EF, et al. 2014. Lipid concentrations and semen quality: the LIFE study. Andrology; 2(3):408-15. 
  • Sharami SH, 2019. The relationship of hyperlipidemia with maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine; 17(10): 739. 
  • Smith CJ, et al. 2018. Maternal dyslipidemia and risk for preterm birth. PloS one; 13(12): e0209579. 
  • Toleikyte I, et al. 2011. Pregnancy outcomes in familial hypercholesterolemia: a registry-based study. Circulation; 124(15):1606-14. 
  • Varnier NA, et al. 2015. Coronary artery disease secondary to familial hypercholesterolaemia: An infrequent cause of increasingly common pregnancy co-morbidity. Obstet Med; 8(3):152-4. 
  • Vrijkotte TG, et al. 2012. Maternal lipid profile during early pregnancy and pregnancy complications and outcomes: the ABCD study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism; 97(11): 3917-25. 
  • Wang C, et al. 2016. The associations between early pregnancy lipid profiles and pregnancy outcomes. J Perinatol.  37(2):127-133. 
  • Whitfield M, et al. 2015. Posttesticular sperm maturation, infertility, and hypercholesterolemia. Asian J Androl;  17(5):742-8. 
  • Wild R, et al. 2015. Dyslipidemia in pregnancy. Cardiology clinics; 33(2): 209-15. 
  • Wojcik-Baszko D, et al. 2018. Role of dyslipidemia in preeclampsia—A review of lipidomic analysis of blood, placenta, syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles and umbilical cord artery from women with preeclampsia. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators; 139: 19-23. 
  • Zhao X, et al. 2024. 27-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits trophoblast fusion during placenta development by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol; 98(3):849-863. 

This website is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $1,200,000 with zero percentage financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government.