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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Mycophenolate (Cellcept®)

Selected References – mycophenolate mofetil

  • Abdulaziz HM, et al. 2021. Fetal proximal and distal limb anomalies following exposure to mycophenolate mofetil during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. Lupus. 30(9):1522-1525. 
  • Alsebayel MM, et al. 2018. Congenital esophageal atresia and microtia in a newborn secondary to mycophenolate mofeil exposure during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Case Rep. 3(19):523-526. 
  • Boyle S, et al. 2021. Pregnancy following heart transplantation: A single centre case series and review of the literature. Heart Lung Circ. 30(1):144-153.  
  • Coscia LA, et al. 2015. Update on the teratogenicity of maternal mycophenolate mofetil. J Pediatr Genet .4(2):42-55. 
  • Egeberg A, et al. 2017. Birth outcomes in children fathered by men treated with immunosuppressant drugs before conception-A Danish population-based cohort study. J Invest Dermatol. 137(8):1790-1792.  
  • Hoeltzenbein M, et al. 2012. Teratogenicity of mycophenolate confirmed in a prospective study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services. Am J Med Genet A. 158A(3):588-596. 
  • Huerta A, et al. 2021. Measurement of the passage of mycophenolic acid into breast milk in a patient with lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 100(3):711. 
  • Intas Pharmaceuticals. Last updated Jan. 5, 2024. Mycophenolate mofetil drug label information. Available at URL: https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=741e079a-646b-47ec-84ac-8e12574c2aaf 
  • Jones A, et al. 2013. Outcomes of pregnancies fathered by solid-organ transplant recipients exposed to mycophenolic acid products. Prog Transplant. 23(2):153-157. 
  • Khan F, et al. 2022. Fetal malformations associated with exposure to mycophenolic acid during the first trimester. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 9(3):171-173. 
  • Kim M, et al. 2013. Mycophenolate fetal toxicity and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies. Am J Transplant. 13(6):1383-1389. 
  • King RW, et al. 2017. Pregnancy outcomes related to mycophenolate exposure in female kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 17(1):151-160. 
  • Kothari S, et al. 2024. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Pregnancy-Related Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Expert Review. Gastroenterology. 167(5):1033-1045.  
  • Krutsch K, et al. 2023. Transfer of mycophenolic acid into human milk. J Nephrol. 36(6):1715-1717. 
  • Mairesse R, et al. 2026. In utero exposure to medications and congenital eye anomalies. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 11(1):e002049.  
  • Martin MC, et al. 2014. Esophageal atresia and prenatal exposure to mycophenolate. Reprod Toxicol 50:117-121.  
  • Martin- Moreno PL, et al. 2021. Paternal safety of the use of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant recipients. Results of the EMVARON study. Clin Transplant. 35(5):e14256. 
  • Midtvedt K, et al. 2017. Exposure to mycophenolate and fatherhood. Transplantation 101(7);e214-217. 
  • Mohamed-Ahmed O, et al. 2014. Pregnancy outcomes in liver and cardiothoracic transplant recipients: a UK national cohort study. PLoS One. Feb 19;9(2):e89151. 
  • Perez-Aytes A, et al. 2017. Mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy: A newly recognized teratogenic syndrome. Eur J Med Genet. 60(1):16-21.  
  • Pisoni CN, D’Cruz DP. 2008. The safety of mycophenolate mofetil in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 7(3):219-222.  
  • Rüegg L, et al. 2025. EULAR recommendations for use of antirheumatic drugs in reproduction, pregnancy, and lactation: 2024 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 84(6):910-926. 
  • Sifontis NM, et al. 2006. Pregnancy outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with exposure to mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus. Transplantation. 82(12:1698-1702.  
  • Yoshioka H, et al. 2025. Cleft Palate Induced by Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Associated with miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p in Human Palate Cells. Noncoding RNA. 11(1):12. 

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