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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Nortriptyline (Aventyl®)

Selected References:

  • Berle JO, et al. 2004. Breastfeeding during maternal antidepressant treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: infant exposure, clinical symptoms, and cytochrome P450 genotypes. J Clin Psychiatry 65:1228-34. PMID: 15367050
  • Briggs G, et al. 2022. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: Wolters Kluwer; 12th edition: 950-951
  • Brunel P, et al. 1994. [Follow-up of 151 pregnant women exposed to antidepressant treatment (MAOI excluded) during organogenesis.] Therapie 49:117-122.
  • Eggermont E. 1973. Withdrawal symptoms in neonate associated with maternal imipramine therapy. Lancet 2:680.
  • Misri S & Sivertz K. 1991. Tricyclic drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Med 21(2):157-71.
  • Grzeskowiak, LE, et al. 2022. Perinatal antidepressant use and breastfeeding outcomes: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 101(30): 344-54.
  • Mitchell JE and Popkin MK: Antidepressant drug therapy and sexual dysfunction in men: a review. J Clin Psychopharm 3:76-79, 1983.
  • Nulman I, et al. 1997. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to antidepressant drugs. N Engl J Med 336:258-62.
  • Overo KF, et al. 1997. Interaction of perphenazine with the kinetics of nortriptyline. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol; 40:97-105.
  • Schoretsanitis S, et al. 2020. The impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants: a systematic critical review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol; 16(5):431-440.
  • Semet, M., et al. 2017. The impact of drugs on male fertility: a review. Andrology 5(4): 640-663.
  • Shearer WT, et al. 1972. Urinary retention in a neonate secondary to maternal ingestion of nortriptyline. J Pediatr 81:570-2.
  • US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, et al. 2019. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 321(6):580-587.
  • Wall-Wieler, E, et al. 2020. Antidepressant use around conception, prepregnancy depression, and risk of ectopic pregnancy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,65(12):845-53.
  • Webster PA. 1973. Withdrawal symptoms in neonates associated with maternal antidepressant therapy. Lancet 2(7824):318-9.
  • Weissman AM, et al. 2004. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry 161:1066-78.
  • Wisner KL, et al. 2002. Postpartum depression. N Engl J Med. 347:194-9.
  • Xing, D, et al. 2020. Maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risks for adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 137:110231.

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