Selected References:
- Broussard, C.S., et al. 2011. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 204:314.e1-11.
- Choe, C.K., Koren, G. 2015. Sedating drugs and breastfeeding, Canadian Family Physician, 61:241-243.
- Hendrickson, R.G., McKeown, N.J. 2012. Is maternal opioid use hazardous to breast-fed infants? Clinical Toxicology, 50:1-147.
- Kelly, L., et al. 2011. Narcotic-exposed neonates in a First Nations population in northwesters Ontario, Canadian family Physician, 57:e441-e447.
- Kokki, M., et al. 2012. Intravenous oxycodone for pain relief in the first stage of labour-maternal pharmacokinetics and neonatal exposure, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 111:182-188.
- Lam, J., et al. 2012. Central nervous system depression of neonates breastfed by mothers receiving oxycodone for postpartum analgesia, The Journal of Pediatrics, 160:33-7.
- Lam, J., et al. 2013. Putative association of ABCB1 2677G>T/A with oxycodone-induced central nervous system depression in breastfeeding mothers, The Drug Monit, 35: 466-472.
- Lind, J. N., et al. 2017. Maternal use of opioids during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A systemic review, Pediatrics, 139 (6):1-25.
- The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2017. Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 711.
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019. Basics About Opioid Use During Pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/opioids/basics.html [Accessed 12/2019]
- Timm, N.L., et al. 2013. Maternal use of oxycodone resulting in opioid intoxication in her breastfed neonate, Journal of Pediatrics, 162:421-2.
- Yefet, E., et al. 2017. Fixed time interval compared with on-demand oral analgesia protocols for post-caesarean pain: a randomised controlled trial. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 124:1063-1070.
