Selected References:
- Braunberger TL, et al. 2018. Dihydroxyacetone: A Review. J Drugs Dermatol. 1;17(4):387-391.
- European Commission. 2021. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. Opinion on dihydroxyacetone. Available at https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-11/sccs_o_234.pdf
- Gallagher M. 2018. Exposure to Dihyroxyacetone in Sunless Tanning Products. Understanding the Risks. J Dermatol Nurses Assoc. 10(1)11-17.
- Meadows M. 2003. Don’t be in the dark about tanning. FDA Consumer Magazine, 37:6.
- Turner J et al. 2023. In search of the perfect tan: Chemical activity, biological effects, business considerations, and consumer implications of dihydroxyacetone sunless tanning products. J Cosmet Dermatol. 22(1)79-88.
- United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2022. Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA). Available at https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/modernization-cosmetics-regulation-act-2022-mocra.
- United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2022. Sunless tanners and bronzers. Available at https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Products/ucm134064.htm
- Yourick JJ, et al. 2004. Fate of chemicals in skin after dermal application: Does the in vitro skin reservoir affect the estimate of systemic absorption? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 195:309-320.
