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Valproic Acid

Selected References:

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  • Aydin B, et al. 2015. Olanzapine and quetiapine use during breastfeeding: excretion into breast milk and safe breastfeeding strategy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 35(2):206-8.
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  • Blotière PO et al. Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020 Jun 7;10(6):e034829. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034829. PMID: 32513880; PMCID: PMC7282331.
  • Coban D, et al. 2010. Neonatal episodic hypoglycemia: a finding of valproic acid withdrawal. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2(2):92-4.
  • Daugaard CA et al.Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Nov 2;3(11):e2025570. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25570. PMID: 33170264; PMCID: PMC7656282.
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  • Einarson A et al. 2009. Use and safety of antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy. J Psychiatr Pract 15: 183-92.
  • Harden CL, et al. 2009. Management issues for women with epilepsy – Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): II. Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia 50: 1237-46.
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  • Jentink J, et al. 2010. Valproic Acid Monotherapy in Pregnancy and Major Congenital Malformations. N Engl J Med 362:2185-93.
  • Kacirova I, Grundmann M, Brozmanova H. Valproic acid concentrations in nursing mothers, mature milk, and breastfed infants in monotherapy and combination therapy. Epilepsy Behav. 2019 Jun;95:112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 28. PMID: 31035102.
  • Keni et al. Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. Epilepsy Res. 2020 Jan;159:106250. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106250. Epub 2019 Dec 9. PMID: 31855827.
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  • Meador KJ, et al. 2012. Effects of fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: outcomes at age 4.5 years. Neurology 78(16):1207-14.
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  • Smith, J et al. 2009. Sodium valproate and the fetus: a case study and review of the literature. Neonatal Netw 28: 363-7.
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  • Vajda FJE, et al. 2019. Valproate-associated foetal malformations-Rates of occurrence, risks in attempted avoidance. Acta Neurol Scand 139(1):42-48.
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  • Yerby MS, McCoy GB. 1999. Male infertility: possible association with valproate exposure. Epilepsia 40:520-1.
  • Yonkers KA et al. 2004. Management of bipolar disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Psych 161:608-20.