Selected References: Bjørk M. et al. 2002. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability. JAMA Neurol. 79(7):672–681. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1269 Blotiere PO. et al. 2020. Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 10(6). Brannon, GE. et al. 2000. Anorgasmia in a …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Nitrofurantoin
Selected References: Ailes EC, et al, & The National Birth Defects Prevention Study. 2016. Association between antibiotic use among pregnant women with urinary tract infections in the first trimester and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997 to 2011. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol; 106(11):940–949. Ansaldi Y, et al. 2023. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Clin Microbiol Infect; 29(10):1249–1253. Ben David S, et al. 1995. The safety of …
St. John’s Wort
Selected References: Alzahrani MA, et al. 2023 Effect of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines. 11(10):2800. Barrett B, et al. 1999. Assessing the risks and benefits of herbal medicine: An overview of scientific evidence. Altern Ther Health Med 5(4):40-49. Clauson KA, et al. 2008. Clinically relevant safety issues associated with St. John's wort product labels. BMC Complement Altern Med; 8:42. Fetrow …
Promethazine (Phenergan®)
Selected References: Anderka M, et al. 2012. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. Jan;94(1):22-30. Bartfai Z, et al. 2008. A population-based case-control teratologic study of promethazine use during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 25:276-285. Corby DG, Shulman I. 1971. The effects of antenatal drug administration on aggregation of platelets of newborn infants. J Pediatr. 79:307-313. …
Lupus
Selected References: Abheiden CNH, et al. 2024. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous preterm births: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 231(4):408-416.e21. Acevedo M, et al. 2017. Breastfeeding initiation, duration, and reasons for weaning in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int, 37(7):1183-1186. Akbari A, et al. 2025. Recurrent pregnancy loss and fetal complete heart block as …
