This sheet talks about exposure to natural disasters during a pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.
Preparing for a Natural Disaster.
The U.S. government links below have useful information on preparing for natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and others: https://www.usa.gov/prepare-for-disasters; https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes; https://www.ready.gov/earthquakes; https://www.ready.gov/severe-weather.
I am pregnant. What are some exposures that could happen during or after a natural disaster?
Vaccinations
Vaccinations are given to protect people from serious diseases. Vaccinations that you might be given following a natural disaster include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and/or tetanus. However, if you are up-to-date on these vaccines you may not need to get them again. Keep your vaccination record in a safe place. Take your vaccination record with you when you see your healthcare provider, especially if you need to relocate. Your healthcare providers or the health authorities may recommend other vaccinations. MotherToBaby (MTB) has a fact sheet on vaccines at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vaccines-pregnancy/pdf/.
Infections
There can be risks for infections after a natural disaster. Drinking contaminated food or water, physical injury, and/or crowding in shelters all pose a risk for infection. Follow the recommendations from health authorities to lower your chances of getting an infection. If you think you already have an infection, talk to your healthcare provider right away. Be sure to follow their advice on treating your infection.
Medication
If you take medication, keep it in a safe place and continue to take it as usual. If you have a condition that requires monitoring, and you cannot reach your healthcare provider, inform the authorities as soon as it is safe to do so. It may be necessary to take additional medication if you have an infection or other illness. Contact MotherToBaby (https://mothertobaby.org/contact-expert/) to get details about your specific medication(s).
Mosquito Borne Illness
During or following a natural disaster, there may be an increase in mosquito activity. Using insect repellent is an important way to help protect against infections spread by mosquitoes. Some infections that can be spread by infected mosquitos include:
Zika https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/zika-virus-pregnancy/pdf/
West Nile Virus https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/west-nile-virus-infection-pregnancy/pdf/
Malaria https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/malaria/pdf/
Insect Repellent
Insect repellent is recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Use as directed on the label. The most common active ingredient in insect repellent is DEET. Please see the MTB fact sheets for more information. DEET: https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/deet-nn-ethyl-m-toluamide-pregnancy/pdf/ and General insect
repellents: https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/insect-repellents/pdf/. Other ways to lower your chance of being bitten by a mosquito include wearing long pants, long sleeved shirts, a hat, and shoes.
Cleaning Agents
When used as directed on the label, common household cleaning agents are not expected to increase the risks to your pregnancy. To help reduce skin exposure wear the type of gloves recommended on the product label. Wash your hands thoroughly after using cleaning products.
Chemicals/Pollutants
If you think that you may have been exposed to harmful chemicals or pollutants and you have symptoms or you have general concerns, contact your healthcare provider and Poison Control as soon as possible. https://www.poison.org/18002221222
Lead
If you have been exposed to lead, talk to your healthcare provider. MTB has a fact sheet on lead at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/lead-pregnancy/pdf/
Water
The water supply may not be safe to use. Local authorities will tell you if your water supply is safe to drink, use for cooking or bathing. It may be recommended to drink bottled water. If bottled water is not available, use boiled water if the local public health departments says this is okay. Bringing water to a rolling boil for 1 minute will kill most disease-causing organisms, but it will not remove chemicals. Do not use water that has been treated with iodine unless you do not have bottled water and cannot boil your water. If you do not have clean water for washing hands, use alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
Stress
Stress is the way your body reacts to something that is unusual, dangerous, unknown or disturbing. When under stress, your body makes physical and chemical changes. Some of the symptoms of stress can include chest pain, rapid heart rate, breathing problems, headaches, vision problems, confusion, anxiety, grief, denial, fear, or worry. Please see the MTB fact sheet on stress at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/stress-pregnancy/pdf/.
Mold
Molds are fungi that can be found both indoors and outdoors. They grow best in warm, damp, and humid places. Some molds can produce substances called toxins, Exposure to mold toxins can cause health symptoms in some people. Symptoms might be allergic reactions such as stuffy nose, eye irritation, rashes, and wheezing, and possibly fever or shortness of breath. Not everyone will have these symptoms. For more information on mold see the MTB fact sheet at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/mold-pregnancy/pdf/.
What about breastfeeding?
If possible, keep breastfeeding even after a natural disaster. Breast milk can help protect babies from infections. If you need a vaccination, you can receive it and keep breastfeeding. The only vaccines not recommended for breastfeeding moms are Yellow Fever and Smallpox, both live virus vaccines. If you have an infection, you can continue to breastfeed. The only exceptions for breastfeeding are brucellosis and HIV infection. If you have a question about a specific medication or exposure while breastfeeding, contact a MotherToBaby specialist. MTB has a fact sheets on breastfeeding after a natural disaster: https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/breastfeeding-natural-disaster/pdf/, as well as many exposures that include information about breastfeeding https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets-parent/.
OTIS/MotherToBaby recognizes that not all people identify as “men” or “women.” When using the term “mother,” we mean the source of the egg and/or uterus and by “father,” we mean the source of the sperm, regardless of the person’s gender identity.
