Selected References: Cazzola M, et al. 2002. Clinical pharmacokinetics of salmeterol. Clin Pharmacokinet, 41(1):19-30. Cossette B, et al. 2014. Relative perinatal safety of salmeterol vs formoterol and fluticasone vs budesonide use during pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 112(5):459-464. GlaxoSmithKline LLC. 2020. Serevent diskus prescribing information. Jones KL, et al. 2002. Salmeterol use and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective multi-center study. J Allergy Clin …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
ACE Inhibitors
Selected References: Al-Maawali A, et al. 2012. Taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors during pregnancy: is it safe? Can Fam Physician, 58(1):49-51. Bateman BT, et al. 2017. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the risk of congenital malformations. Obstet Gynecol, 129:174-184. Briggs GG. 2002. Drug effects on the fetus and breast-fed infant. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 45(1):6-21. Bullo M, et al. 2012 Pregnancy outcome following exposure to angiotensin-converting …
Lupus
Selected References: Abheiden CNH, et al. 2024. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous preterm births: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 231(4):408-416.e21. Acevedo M, et al. 2017. Breastfeeding initiation, duration, and reasons for weaning in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int, 37(7):1183-1186. Akbari A, et al. 2025. Recurrent pregnancy loss and fetal complete heart block as …
Miconazole
Selected References: Bender EA, et al. 2021. Treatment methods for vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy. J Mycol Med. 31(3):101138. Butler DC, et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part II. Lactation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 70(3):417 e1-10. Carter TC, et al. 2008. Antifungal drugs and the risk of selected birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 198:191-193. Czeizel AE, et al. 2004. Population-based case-control teratologic study of topical …
Zika Virus
Selected References: Ades AE, et al. 2021. Vertical transmission of Zika virus and its outcomes: a Bayesian synthesis of prospective studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 21(4):537-545. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30432-1. Acosta Pérez E, et al. 2025. Adverse fetal and perinatal outcomes associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy: an individual participant data meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, Volume 83, 103231 Alger J, et al. 2024. Neurodevelopmental assessment of normocephalic …
