Selected References: Adams J, et al. 2022. Neuropsychological effects in children exposed to anticonvulsant monotherapy during gestation: Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. Epilepsy Behav; 127:108533. Antonucci R, et al. 2018. Maternal carbamazepine therapy and unusual adverse effects in a breastfed infant. Breastfeed Med; 13(2):155-157. Baker GA, et al. 2015. IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study. Neurology; …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Clozapine
Selected References: Beex-Oosterhuis MM, et al. 2021. Clozapine treatment during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic literature review. J Clin Psychiatry; 83(1):21r13952. Bolu A, et al. 2018. Low-dose clozapine-induced retrograde ejaculation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci; 72(7):541-542. Borisch C, et al. 2012. Severe neutropenia in a newborn after clozapine therapy during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol; 34:158. Damkier P & Videbach P. 2018. The safety of …
Dextromethorphan
Selected References: Aselton P, et al. 1985. First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. Obstet Gynecol; 65(4):451-455. Cao Y, et al. 2021. Maternal use of cough medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: a US multisite, case–control study. BMJ Open; 11:e053604. Einarson A, et al. 2001. The safety of dextromethorphan in pregnancy: Results of a controlled study. Chest; 119(2):466-469. Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. …
Alprazolam
Selected References Anderson PO, McGuire GG. 1989. Neonatal alprazolam withdrawal -possible effects of breastfeeding. DICP. 23:614. Letter. Andrade C. 2019. Gestational Exposure to Benzodiazepines, 1: The Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Examined Through the Prism of Research Design. J Clin Psychiatry; 80(5):19f13076 Barry WS, St. Clair SM. 1987. Exposure to benzodiazepines in utero. Lancet; 1:1436-7. Browne JL, Hauge KJ. 1986. A review of alprazolam withdrawal. Drug Intell Clin …
Insect Repellents
Selected References: Almeida AR, et al. 2023. Challenges encountered by natural repellents: Since obtaining until the final product. Pestic Biochem Physiol; 195:105538. Barr DB, et al. 2010. Pesticide concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera and their relation to birth outcomes in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ; 408(4):790-795. Consumer Reports. 2018. Mosquito Repellents That Best Protect Against Zika. Available at: …
