Selected References: Achkar M, et al. 2015. Vitamin D status in early pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 212:511.e1-7. Adrien N, et al. 2023. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of select congenital anomalies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res; 115:290-301. Akhavizadegan H, Karbakhsh M. 2017. Comparison of serum vitamin D between fertile and infertile men in a vitamin D deficient endemic area: a case-control study. …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Carbamazepine
Selected References: Adams J, et al. 2022. Neuropsychological effects in children exposed to anticonvulsant monotherapy during gestation: Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. Epilepsy Behav; 127:108533. Antonucci R, et al. 2018. Maternal carbamazepine therapy and unusual adverse effects in a breastfed infant. Breastfeed Med; 13(2):155-157. Baker GA, et al. 2015. IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study. Neurology; …
Clozapine
Selected References: Beex-Oosterhuis MM, et al. 2021. Clozapine treatment during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic literature review. J Clin Psychiatry; 83(1):21r13952. Bolu A, et al. 2018. Low-dose clozapine-induced retrograde ejaculation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci; 72(7):541-542. Borisch C, et al. 2012. Severe neutropenia in a newborn after clozapine therapy during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol; 34:158. Damkier P & Videbach P. 2018. The safety of …
Dextromethorphan
Selected References: Aselton P, et al. 1985. First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. Obstet Gynecol; 65(4):451-455. Cao Y, et al. 2021. Maternal use of cough medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: a US multisite, case–control study. BMJ Open; 11:e053604. Einarson A, et al. 2001. The safety of dextromethorphan in pregnancy: Results of a controlled study. Chest; 119(2):466-469. Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. …
Alprazolam
Selected References Anderson PO, McGuire GG. 1989. Neonatal alprazolam withdrawal -possible effects of breastfeeding. DICP. 23:614. Letter. Andrade C. 2019. Gestational Exposure to Benzodiazepines, 1: The Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Examined Through the Prism of Research Design. J Clin Psychiatry; 80(5):19f13076 Barry WS, St. Clair SM. 1987. Exposure to benzodiazepines in utero. Lancet; 1:1436-7. Browne JL, Hauge KJ. 1986. A review of alprazolam withdrawal. Drug Intell Clin …
