Selected References: ACOG. 1993. Hepatitis in pregnancy. ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 174--November 1992. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 42(2):189-98. Celzo F et al. 2020. Safety evaluation of adverse events following vaccination with Havrix, Engerix-B or Twinrix during pregnancy. Vaccine; 38(40):6215-6223. Chilaka VN, Konje JC. 2020. Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 256:287-296. Cho GJ, et al. 2013. Hepatitis A virus infection during pregnancy in Korea: …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Toxoplasmosis
Selected References: Alvarado-Esquivel C, et al. 2015. High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in female sex workers: A case-control study. Eur J Microbiol (Bp); 5(4);285-292. Abdoloe A, et al. 2012. Impaired reproductive function of male rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Andrologia; 44 Suppl 1:679-687. Arce-Estrada GE, et al. 2017. Report of an unusual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection. BMC Infect …
Clonidine
Selected References: Bang Madsen K, et al. 2023. In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes. Molecular psychiatry; 28(4)1739–1746. Boutroy MJ, et al. 1988. Clonidine: Placental transfer and neonatal adaption. Early Hum Dev; 17:275-286. Bunjes R, Schaefer C. 1993. Clonidine and breast-feeding. Clinical Pharm 12:178-9. Frazier, LM, et al. 2020. Emerging therapies for the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & …
Mesalamine
Selected References: Allocca M, et al. 2018. Sexual and reproductive issues and inflammatory bowel disease: a neglected topic in men. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 30(3):316-322. Asthana R, et al. 2025. Meta-analysis and systematic review on sulfasalazine/5-ASA use during pregnancy: Impact on neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. Reprod Toxicol135:108939. Ban L et al. 2014. Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with IBD and effects of medications. …
Levofloxacin (Levaquin®)
Selected References: Cahill JB, et al. 2005. Levofloxacin secretion in breast milk: a case report. Pharmacotherapy, 25(1):116–118. Giamarellou H, et al. 1989. Pharmacokinetics of three newer quinolones in pregnant and lactating women. The American journal of medicine, 87(5A):49S–51S. Gürpinar AN, et al. 1997. The effects of a fluoroquinolone on the growth and development of infants. The Journal of international medical research, 25(5):302–306. Meaney-Delman D, et al. 2013. …
