Selected References: Abboud TK, et al. 1983. Lack of adverse neonatal neurobehavioral effects of lidocaine. Anesth Analg; 62:473-475. Abboud TK, et al. 1984. Continuous infusion epidural analgesia in parturients receiving bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, or lidocaine - maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects. Anesth Analg; 63:421-428. Actavis Pharma, Inc. 2019. Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream Drug Label. Available …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Prilocaine
Selected References: Dentsply Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2021. Prilocaine injection drug label. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db23a56f-1e41-4843-9220-1b2e3059db41. [Accessed 8/2025]. Fougera & Co. 2024. Lidocaine and prilocaine cream drug label. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=833cd52c-6470-49c4-937f-1393971f4db9. [Accessed 8/2025]. Erol S, et al. 2017. Transient methemoglobinemia in three neonates due to …
Meclizine
Selected References: Gilboa SM, et al. 2009. National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and isolated major malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 85(2):137-150. Gilboa SM, et al. 2014. Antihistamines and birth defects: a systematic review of the literature. Expert opinion on drug safety. 13.12: 1667-98. Hansen Craig, et al. 2020. Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: The …
Vitamin B12
Selected References: Ceyhan ST, et al. 2010. Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in pregnant women with neural tube defect. Gynecol Endocrinol. 26(8):578-581. Dror DK, Allen LH. 2018. Vitamin B-12 in human milk: A systematic review. Adv Nutr 9:358s-66s. Duggan C, et al. 2014. Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr. 144(5):758-764. Groenen PMW, et al. 2004. …
Methylmercury in Fish
Selected References: Al-Saleh I, et al. 2020. Effects of early and recent mercury and lead exposure on the neurodevelopment of children with elevated mercury and/or developmental delays during lactation: A follow-up study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 230:113629. Ashrap P, et al. 2020. Maternal blood and metalloid concentrations in association with birth outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico. Environ Int 138:105606. Buck Louis GM, et al. 2017. Low-level environmental metals and metalloids and …
