Selected References: Bodkin CL, et al. 2005. OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy during pregnancy. Mov Disord 20(8): 1081-1082. Briggs J, et al. 2005. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, 7th Ed. 174-175. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia. Brin MF, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to onabotulinumtoxinA. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 25: 179–187. Brin, MF, et al 2023. Pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Neurology. …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Metoprolol
Selected References: Alembic Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2017. Metoprolol tartrate product labeling. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=24837d82-0f3f-4482-9af0-31e5f675c30f. Accessed 27 Jan 2026. Bateman BT, et al. 2016. Late pregnancy β blocker exposure and risks of neonatal hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Pediatrics; 138(3). pii:e20160731. Battarbee AN, et al. 2020. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 222(6):532-541. Davis RL, et al. 2011. …
E-cigarettes (Vaping)
Selected References: AlHarthi A, et al. 2023. Investigating behavioral and neuronal changes in adolescent mice following prenatal exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor containing nicotine. Brain Sci, 13(10): 1417. Archie S, et al. 2023. Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age. Fluids Barriers CNS, 20. Baez-Loya S, et al. 2014. Perceptions about …
Propranolol
Selected References: Bateman BT, et al. 2016. Late pregnancy β blocker exposure and risks of neonatal hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Pediatrics 138(3) pii:e20160731. Bauer et al. 1979. Propranolol in human plasma and breast milk. Am J Cardiol 43(4):860-862. Bratton S, et al. 2024. Does atenolol use during pregnancy cause small for gestational age neonates? A meta-analysis. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 52.8: 858-862. Davis RL, et al. 2011. Risks of congenital malformations and …
Erythromycin
Selected References: Abdellatif M, et al. 2019. Association between exposure to macrolides and the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 178(3):301-314. Adair CD, Gunter M, Stovall TG et al. 1998. Chlamydia in pregnancy: A randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin. Obstet Gynecol 91:165-168. Andersson NW, Olsen RH, Andersen JT. 2021. Association between use of macrolides in pregnancy and risk of major …
