Selected References: Bloor M, et al. 2012. Tramadol in pregnancy and lactation. Int J Obstet Anesth 21:163-7. Bowie AC, et al. 2022. Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ. 194(5):E152-E162. Ferrer E, et al. 2025. Tramadol during pregnancy: risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and major congenital anomalies. A comparative study in the EFEMERIS database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 34(4):e70143. …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
ACE Inhibitors
Selected References: Al-Maawali A, et al. 2012. Taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors during pregnancy: is it safe? Can Fam Physician, 58(1):49-51. Bateman BT, et al. 2017. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the risk of congenital malformations. Obstet Gynecol, 129:174-184. Briggs GG. 2002. Drug effects on the fetus and breast-fed infant. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 45(1):6-21. Bullo M, et al. 2012 Hypertension. 2012 Pregnancy outcome following exposure to …
Erythromycin
Selected References: Abdellatif M, et al. 2019. Association between exposure to macrolides and the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 178(3):301-314. Adair CD, Gunter M, Stovall TG et al. 1998. Chlamydia in pregnancy: A randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin. Obstet Gynecol 91:165-168. Andersson NW, Olsen RH, Andersen JT. 2021. Association between use of macrolides in pregnancy and risk of major birth …
Sarilumab (Kevzara®)
Selected References: Caballero Bermejo A, et al. 2020. Sarilumab versus standard of care for the early treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients: SARTRE: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials; 21(1):794. PMID: 32938496 PMCID: PMC7492787 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04633-3 Khiali S, et al. 2021. A comprehensive review on sarilumab in COVID-19 Affiliations expand. Expert Opin Biol Ther; 21(5):615-626. PMID: 33161757 DOI: …
Miconazole | Clotrimazole
Selected References: Butler DC, et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part II. Lactation. J Am Acad Dermatol, 70(3):417 e1-10. Carter TC, et al. 2008. Antifungal drugs and the risk of selected birth defects. Am J Obstet Gyn, 198:191- 193. Czeizel AE, et al. 2004. Population-based case-control teratologic study of topical miconazole. Congenit Anom, 44:41-45. Daniel S, et al. 2018. Vaginal antimycotics and the risk for spontaneous abortions. Am J …
