Selected References: Afrman JJ, et al. 2020. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in Women with Epilepsy Before, During, and After Pregnancy. Clin Pharmacokinet, 59(4):427-445. Alsaad AMS, et al. 2015. First trimester exposure to topiramate and the risk of oral clefts in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol, 53:45-50. Blotière PO, et al. 2020. Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Sumatriptan
Selected References: Amundsen S, et al. 2015. Pharmacological treatment of migraine during pregnancy and breastfeeding; Nat. Reviews Neurol. 11(4): 209-215. Bandoli G, et al. 2020. Migraines During Pregnancy and the Risk of Maternal Stroke. JAMA Neurol. 77(9):1177-79. Bánhidy F, et al. 2006. Maternal severe migraine and risk of congenital limb deficiencies. Birth Defects Res a Clin Mol Teratol. 76(8):592-601. Conijn M, et al. 2024. Breastfeeding-related adverse drug reactions …
Caffeine
Selected References: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2018. Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy. https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Moderate-Caffeine-Consumption-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). 2022. Optimizing natural fertility: …
Etodolac (Lodine®)
Selected References: ANI Pharmaceuticals. 2024. Etodolac product labeling. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=420c7b62-3bea-4d6b-82e0-ab1c176c7f1e. Accessed 21 July 2025. Choi E-Y, et al. 2023. Neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes and exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during early pregnancy in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med, 20(2):e1004183. Dawood MY. 1993. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and reproduction. Am …
Pesticides
Selected References Albadrani MS, et al. 2024. Pesticide exposure and spontaneous abortion risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 284:117000. Aman H, et al. 2024. Determinants of externally visible birth defects among perinatal deaths at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr, 24(1):260 Ashley-Martin J, et al. 2025. Gestational urinary concentrations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in …
