Selected References: Aichhorn, Wolfgang et al. 2014. Mirtazapine and breast-feeding. The American journal of psychiatry vol. 161,12 (2004): 2325. Biswas PN, et al. 2003. The pharmacovigilance of mirtazapine: results of a prescription event monitoring study on 13,554 patients in England. J Psychopharmacol 17:121-6. Carvalho, André F et al. 2016. The Safety, Tolerability and Risks Associated with the Use of Newer Generation Antidepressant Drugs: A Critical Review of the …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Fentanyl
Selected References: Broussard CS, et al. 2011. National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 204(4):314.e1–11. Cohen RS. 2009. Fentanyl transdermal analgesia during pregnancy and lactation. J Hum Lact. 25(3):359-361. Fishman B, et al. 2019. Pregnancy outcome following opioid exposure: A cohort study. PLoS One 14(7): e0219061. Fleet JA, et al. 2020. Fentanyl concentration in maternal and umbilical …
Marijuana (Cannabis)
Selected References American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2017 (Reaffirmed 2021). Marijuana Use During Pregnancy and Lactation. ACOG Committee Opinion Number. 722. Obstetrics & Gynecology 130(4). Arora M, et al. 2025. Cannabis use & female infertility: A cross sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018. Ann Epidemiol. 104:1-7. Astley SJ, Little RE. 1990. Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant …
Pregnancy and Natural Disasters
Selected References: Adkoli A, et al. 2022. Access to Family Planning Services Following Natural Disasters and Pandemics: A Review of the English Literature. Cureus. 14(7):e26926. Atkin K, et al. 2024. Climate-Related Emergencies in Pregnancy. AACN Adv Crit Care. 35(4):343-352. Ha S. 2022. The Changing Climate and Pregnancy Health. Curr Environ Health Rep. 9(2):263-275. Pashaei-Asl Y, et al. Consequences of Natural and Man-made Disasters on Pregnancy Outcomes and Complications: A …
Spironolactone (Aldactone®, Carospir®, Qaialdo®)
Selected References: Bowman, J. D., Kim, H., & Bustamante, J. J. 2012. Drug‐Induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy the Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 32(12), 1123–1140. Carone, L., Oxberry, S. G., Twycross, R., Charlesworth, S., Mihalyo, M., & Wilcock, A. 2016. Spironolactone. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 53(2), 288–292. de Arriba G, Sanchez-Heras M, Basterrechea MA. 2009. Gitelman syndrome during pregnancy: a therapeutic challenge. Arch Gynecol …
