Selected References: Andres RL, et al. 2000. Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. Semin Neonatol, 5:231-41. Anderson TM, et al. 2019. Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. Pediatrics, 143(4):e20183325. Baki Yıldırım S, et al. 2023. The Effect of Active and Passive Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on the Uterine Artery Blood Flow and Obstetric Outcomes: A Prospective Study. Cureus; 15(2):e35270. …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Etanercept (Enbrel®)
Selected References: Bazzani C, et al. 2015. Prospectively-followed pregnancies in patients with inflammatory arthritis taking biological drugs: an Italian multicentre study. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 33(5):688-693. Beltagy A, et al. 2021. Biologics During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among Women With Rheumatic Diseases: Safety Clinical Evidence on the Road. Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 12 621247. Berthelsen BG, et al. 2010. Etanercept concentrations in maternal serum, umbilical cord …
Ofatumumab (Kesimpta®, Arzerra®)
Selected References: Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Med.16(8):591-593. Bellot M, et al. 2022. Effect of ofatumumab on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation in cynomolgus monkeys. Reprod Toxicol. 108:28-34. Ciplea A, et al. 2023. Ofatumumab in breast milk of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler J. ;29 (3_Suppl):132-3. Dobson R, et al. 2023. Anti-CD20 therapies in pregnancy and breast feeding: a review and ABN guidelines. Pract …
Oxymetazoline
Selected References: Arendt KW, et al. 2011. Topical vasoconstrictor use for nasal intubation during pregnancy complicated by cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 20(3):246-9. Aselton P, et al. 1985. First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. Obstet Gynecol 65:451-455, 1985. Baxi LV, et al. 1985. Fetal heart rate changes following maternal administration of a nasal decongestant. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 153:799-800. Jick H, et al. 1981. First-trimester drug use …
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril®, Atarax®)
Selected References: Bryant Ranch Prepack. 2024. Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Product Label. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/897a39b6-65b1-4e52-85e9-2650d23a4dc0/897a39b6-65b1-4e52-85e9-2650d23a4dc0.xml. Accessed 14 April 2025. Calderon-Margalit, R., Qiu, C., Ornoy, A., Siscovick, D. S., & Williams, M. A. 2009. Risk of preterm delivery and other adverse perinatal outcomes in relation to maternal use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy. American journal of …
