Selected References: Barcz E, et al. 2007. Influence of Echinacea purpurea intake during pregnancy on fetal growth and tissue angiogenic activity. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 45:Supp. 1; 35-39. Chow G, et al. 2006. Dietary echinacea purpurea during murine pregnancy: Effect on maternal hemopoiesis and fetal growth. Biol Neonate; 89: 133-138. Gallo M, et al. 2000. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea. Arch Intern Med. 160:3141-3143. Heitmann K, et …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Estazolam (Prosom®)
Selected References: Chuang H et al. 2024. Concomitant use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines during pregnancy and associated risk of congenital malformations: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. The Lancet Psychiatry 8: 601-10. Estazolam. Product labeling. 8/2022. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a1e3b4bf-22e9-430a-a768-4d86ae886c9e&type=display. …
Vaccines
Selected References: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2017. Update on immunization and pregnancy: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination. Committee Opinion no. 718. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2018. Maternal Immunization. Committee Opinion no. 741. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2019. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Committee Opinion no. 732. Centers for Disease Control and …
Lithium
Selected References: Ahmadi R, et al. 2015. International conference of social science, medicine and nursing, Istanbul, Turkey. Altshuler LL, et al. 1996. Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy: Dilemmas and guidelines. Am J Psychiatry. 153:592-606. Ang MS, et al. 1990. Maternal lithium therapy and polyhydramnios. Obstet Gynecol. 76(3 Pt 2):517-519. Cohen LS, et al. 1994. A reevaluation of risk of in utero exposure to lithium. JAMA. …
Codeine
Selected References: Akhigbe RE, et al. 2022. Codeine alters female reproductive function by targeting ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis via the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, Reproductive Toxicology 109: 1-9. Azuine RE, et al. 2019. Prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid exposure in an urban, low-income, multiethnic US population. JAMA network 2(6): e196405-196405. Berlin CM, Jr, et al. …
