Selected References: Allan KM, et al. 2015. Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 2015 Apr;45(4):1027-1036. Ashraf M, et al. 2020. Changes in vitamin E levels as a marker of female infertility. J Pak Med Assoc 70(10): 1762-1766. Beers MH, et al. 1999. Merck Manual Diagnosis & Therapy, 17th ed., 2833. Boskovic R, et al. 2005. Pregnancy outcome following high doses of vitamin E supplementation. Reprod Toxicol …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Phenylephrine
Selected References Bruckmaier R, et al. 1991. Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists in intramammary pressure and milk flow in dairy cows. J Dairy Res. 58:411-419. Cottle MKW, et al. 1982. Effects of phenylephrine and sodium salicylate on maternal and fetal cardiovascular indices and blood oxygenation in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 143:170-176. Gilbert-Barness E, Drut RM. 2000. Association of sympathomimetic drugs with malformations. Vet Hum Toxicol. 42:168-171. Heinonen …
Vitamin D
Selected References: Achkar M, et al. 2015. Vitamin D status in early pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 212:511.e1-7. Adrien N, et al. 2023. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of select congenital anomalies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 115:290-301. Allan KM, et al. 2015. Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 45(4):1027-1036. American College of …
Carbamazepine
Selected References: Adams J, et al. 2022. Neuropsychological effects in children exposed to anticonvulsant monotherapy during gestation: Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. Epilepsy Behav. 127:108533. Antonucci R, et al. 2018. Maternal carbamazepine therapy and unusual adverse effects in a breastfed infant. Breastfeed Med 13(2):155-157. Baker GA, et al. 2015. IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study. Neurology 84(4):382-390. …
Amlodipine (Norvasc®)
Selected References: Ahn HK, et al. 2007. Exposure to amlodipine in the first trimester of pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Hypertension in pregnancy, 26(2):179–187. Aoki H, et al. 2018. Low Levels of Amlodipine in Breast Milk and Plasma. Breastfeeding medicine,13(9):622–626. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Health and economic benefits of high blood pressure interventions. Retrieved August 2024 from …
