Selected References: Altshuler LL, et al. 1996. Pharmacologic Management of Psychiatric Illness during Pregnancy: Dilemmas and Guidelines. Am J Psychiatry, 153(5):592-606. Ban L, et al. 2012. Live and Non-Live Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Depression and Anxiety: A Population-Based Study. PLoS ONE, 7(8):e43462. Bennet PN, The WHO Working Group. 1988. Drugs and Human Lactation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, pp. 289-290. Committee on Drugs, American Academy of …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Hydrocodone
Selected References: Anderson PO, et al. 2007. Hydrocodone excretion into breast milk: the first two reported cases. Breastfeeding Medicine, 2(1):10-14. Azuine RE, et al, 2019. Prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid exposure in an urban, low-income, multiethnic US population. JAMA Network Open, 2(6); e196405-196405. Broussard CS, et al, 2011. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth …
Miconazole
Selected References: Bender EA, et al. 2021. Treatment methods for vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy. J Mycol Med. 31(3):101138. Butler DC, et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part II. Lactation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 70(3):417 e1-10. Carter TC, et al. 2008. Antifungal drugs and the risk of selected birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 198:191-193. Czeizel AE, et al. 2004. Population-based case-control teratologic study of topical …
Vibrio
Selected References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Vibrio Infection. [Accessed January 2026]. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html Ciccarelli S, et al. 2013. Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. Infect Drug Resist 6:133-61. Ciglenecki I, et al. 2013. Cholera in pregnancy: Outcomes from a specialized cholera treatment unit for pregnant women in Léogâne, Hati. PLoS Negl Trop Dis …
Zika Virus
Selected References: Ades AE, et al. 2021. Vertical transmission of Zika virus and its outcomes: a Bayesian synthesis of prospective studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 21(4):537-545. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30432-1. Acosta Pérez E, et al. 2025. Adverse fetal and perinatal outcomes associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy: an individual participant data meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, Volume 83, 103231 Alger J, et al. 2024. Neurodevelopmental assessment of normocephalic …
