Selected References: Abe S, et al. 2016. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby. Cochrane database of systematic reviews; 2. Adams JB, et al. 2021. Evidence-Based Recommendations for an Optimal Prenatal Supplement for Women in the U.S., Part Two: Minerals. Nutrients; 13(6):1849. Aničić R, et al. 2025. Levels of Cu, Zn, and Se in Maternal and Cord Blood in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Narrative …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Propranolol
Selected References: Bateman BT, et al. 2016. Late pregnancy β blocker exposure and risks of neonatal hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Pediatrics 138(3) pii:e20160731. Bauer et al. 1979. Propranolol in human plasma and breast milk. Am J Cardiol 43(4):860-862. Bratton S, et al. 2024. Does atenolol use during pregnancy cause small for gestational age neonates? A meta-analysis. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 52.8: 858-862. Davis RL, et al. 2011. Risks of congenital malformations and …
Cigarette Smoke
Selected References: Andres RL, et al. 2000. Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. Semin Neonatol, 5:231-41. Anderson TM, et al. 2019. Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. Pediatrics, 143(4):e20183325. Baki Yıldırım S, et al. 2023. The Effect of Active and Passive Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on the Uterine Artery Blood Flow and Obstetric Outcomes: A Prospective Study. Cureus; 15(2):e35270. Brand …
Working in a Nail Salon
Selected References: Attarchi MS, et al. 2012. Assessment of time to pregnancy and spontaneous abortion status following occupational exposure to organic solvents mixture. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 85(3):295-303. Arora H & Tosti A. 2017. Safety and efficacy of nail products. Cosmetics, 4(3):24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2008. Update on Overall Prevalence of Major Birth Defects, 1978-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 57(1):1-5. Ferguson KK, et …
Methadone
Selected References: ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). 2017. Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. Available at: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-in-pregnancy. [Accessed 7/2023]. Badhad RKS & Gittins R. 2021. Precision dosing of methadone during pregnancy: a pharmacokinetics virtual clinical trials study. J Subst Abuse Treat, 130:108521. Bakhireva LN, et al. …
