Selected References: Abdullahi H, et al. 2021. Seasonal influenza during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 258:235-239. Anselem O et al. 2019. Improving care for pregnant women with suspected influenza: A retrospective study before and after introduction of a rapid molecular assay. PLoS One. Jun 14;14(6):e0217651 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. About influenza. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/index.html [Accessed 7/2025] Centers for Disease Control …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Working in a Dental Office
Selected References: American Dental Association (ADA). https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/legal-and-regulatory/amalgam (accessed 6/25/2025). Bjorklund G, et. al. 2019. Mercury exposure and its effects on fertility and pregnancy outcome. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 125(4):317-327 Brodsky JB, et al. 1985. Occupational exposure to mercury in dentistry and pregnancy outcome. J Am Dent Assoc; 111:779-780. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2003. Guidelines for …
Cigarette Smoke
Selected References: Andres RL, et al. 2000. Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. Semin Neonatol, 5:231-41. Anderson TM, et al. 2019. Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. Pediatrics, 143(4):e20183325. Baki Yıldırım S, et al. 2023. The Effect of Active and Passive Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on the Uterine Artery Blood Flow and Obstetric Outcomes: A Prospective Study. Cureus; 15(2):e35270. …
Etanercept (Enbrel®)
Selected References: Bazzani C, et al. 2015. Prospectively-followed pregnancies in patients with inflammatory arthritis taking biological drugs: an Italian multicentre study. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 33(5):688-693. Beltagy A, et al. 2021. Biologics During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among Women With Rheumatic Diseases: Safety Clinical Evidence on the Road. Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 12 621247. Berthelsen BG, et al. 2010. Etanercept concentrations in maternal serum, umbilical cord …
Ofatumumab (Kesimpta®, Arzerra®)
Selected References: Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Med.16(8):591-593. Bellot M, et al. 2022. Effect of ofatumumab on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation in cynomolgus monkeys. Reprod Toxicol. 108:28-34. Ciplea A, et al. 2023. Ofatumumab in breast milk of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler J. ;29 (3_Suppl):132-3. Dobson R, et al. 2023. Anti-CD20 therapies in pregnancy and breast feeding: a review and ABN guidelines. Pract …
