Selected References: Alwan S, et al. 2007. Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356(26):2684-2692. Ames JL, et al. 2021. Maternal psychiatric conditions, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 90(4):253-262. Andersen JT, et al. 2014. Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol. …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Morphine
Selected References: Bosworth, O. M., Padilla-Azain, M. C., Adgent, M. A., Spieker, A. J., Wiese, A. D., Pham, A., Leech, A. A., Grijalva, C. G., & Osmundson, S. S. (2024). Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery. JAMA network open, 7(2), e2355990. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55990 Brogly SB, Velez MP, Werler MM, Li W, Camden A, Guttmann A. Prenatal Opioid Analgesics and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes. Epidemiology. …
Perchloroethylene (PCE, PERC)
Selected References: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2020. Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=264&toxid=48. Accessed 29 July 2025. Aschengrau A, et al. 2020. Reproductive and developmental health effects of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 22(3):555-566. Aschengrau A, et al. 2018. Modeled exposure to …
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (Flu Shot)
Selected References: American Academy of Pediatrics. 2025. Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2025–2026: Policy Statement. Pediatrics. doi: 10.1542/peds.2025-073620. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-073620. [Accessed 8/2025]. Becerra-Culqui TA, et al. 2022. Prenatal influenza vaccination or influenza infection and autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Clin Infect Dis; 75(7):1140-1148. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. …
Hepatitis C
Selected References: Barlow KM, Mok JY. 1993. Dizygotic twins discordant for HIV and hepatitis C virus. Arch Dis Child, 68(4):507. Bellini P, et al. 1999. Effects of hepatitis C virus infection on pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180(1):S67. Cilla G, et al. 1992. Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. Peridatr Infects Dis, J 11:417. Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG committee opinion. …
