Selected References: Clowse M, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcomes in the tofacitinib safety databases for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Drug Saf; 39(8):755-762. Fernández-Sánchez M, et al. 2021. Fetal exposure to tofacitinib during the first trimester: A healthy newborn case report. Birth Defects Res; 113(17):1275-1279. Julsgaard M, et al. 2023. Tofacitinib concentrations in plasma and breastmilk of a lactating woman with ulcerative colitis. Lancet Gastroenterol …
The Baby Blog
About Our Baby Blog
Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby, especially when it comes to knowing how to minimize exposure risks. Our relatable stories are packed with practical information from our rotating staff of MotherToBaby expert bloggers. Whatever topic you’re looking for, our blogs will provide you a great foundation to learn more.
Folic Acid | Folate
Selected References: Aslinia F, et al. 2006. Megaloblastic anemia and other causes of macrocytosis. Clinical Medicine & Research 4.3:236-41. Benjamin RH, et al. 2025. National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Birth Defects Study to Evaluate Pregnancy Exposures. Maternal folic acid supplement use, folate intake, and preterm birth among infants with spina bifida. Birth Defects Res. 117(12):e70008. Bortolus R., et al. 2021. Efficacy of 4.0 mg versus 0.4 mg folic acid …
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo Provera®)
Selected References: Baheiraei A, et al. 2001. Effects of progestogen-only contraceptives on breast-feeding and infant growth Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 74; 203–205. Borgatta L, et al. 2002. Pregnancies diagnosed during Depo- Provera use. Contraception. Sep;66(3):169-72. Callahan R et al. 2015. Ectopic pregnancy with use of progestin-only injectables and contraceptive implants: A systemic review. Contraception 92(6):514-522. Dahlberg K. 1982. Some effects …
OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®)
Selected References: Bodkin CL, et al. 2005. OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy during pregnancy. Mov Disord 20(8): 1081-1082. Briggs J, et al. 2005. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, 7th Ed. 174-175. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia. Brin MF, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to onabotulinumtoxinA. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 25: 179–187. Brin, MF, et al 2023. Pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Neurology. …
Metoprolol
Selected References: Alembic Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2017. Metoprolol tartrate product labeling. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=24837d82-0f3f-4482-9af0-31e5f675c30f. Accessed 27 Jan 2026. Bateman BT, et al. 2016. Late pregnancy β blocker exposure and risks of neonatal hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Pediatrics; 138(3). pii:e20160731. Battarbee AN, et al. 2020. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 222(6):532-541. Davis RL, et al. 2011. …
