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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Fact Sheets

Answers to Your Frequently Asked Questions about Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Exposures

Our Fact Sheets answer frequently asked questions about many common exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including medications, recreational substances, cosmetic treatments, health conditions, infections, vaccines, and more. Available in English and Spanish, our content summarizes available scientific information on whether people and their developing babies are at risk because of an exposure in their environment. Our Fact Sheets are meant for general information purposes and should not replace the advice of your healthcare provider.

Quick, easy-to-understand information on 275+ exposures and how they may impact pregnancy or breastfeeding

MotherToBaby Fact Sheets are listed below by category of exposure. All medications are listed by generic name. To locate the generic name of your medication, look for the ‘Active Ingredient’ listed on your medication bottle or packaging. Generic names can also commonly be found in parentheses after the medication’s brand name.

Our experts are constantly authoring and updating our database.. If our current collection does not include an exposure of interest to you, or if you have additional questions after reading a Fact Sheet, please contact our team so we can address your exposure.


Search Our Fact Sheets


Browse By Category

Cosmetic Treatments
Hair TreatmentsPDF
OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®)PDF
Sunless TannersPDF
Topical Acne TreatmentsPDF
Drugs & Substance Use
AlcoholPDF
Cigarette SmokePDF
CocainePDF
E-cigarettes (Vaping)PDF
HeroinPDF
KetaminePDF
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)PDF
Marijuana (Cannabis)PDF
MDMA (Molly, Ecstasy)PDF
MethamphetaminePDF
Opioids | NarcoticsPDF
Psilocybin mushrooms (“Magic Mushrooms”)PDF
Environment & Natural Disasters
Breastfeeding Following a Natural DisasterPDF
Carbon MonoxidePDF
LeadPDF
Methylmercury in FishPDF
MoldPDF
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)PDF
PaintPDF
Perchloroethylene (PCE, PERC)PDF
PesticidesPDF
Pregnancy and Natural DisastersPDF
Fetal Development
Critical Periods of DevelopmentPDF
Food & Beverages
AlcoholPDF
CaffeinePDF
CapsaicinPDF
Eating Raw, Undercooked, or Cold Meats and SeafoodPDF
Methylmercury in FishPDF
Health Conditions
Ankylosing SpondylitisPDF
AnxietyPDF
AsthmaPDF
Atopic DermatitisPDF
DepressionPDF
Fever/HyperthermiaPDF
Functional ConstipationPDF
Gaucher DiseasePDF
Gestational DiabetesPDF
High CholesterolPDF
Inflammatory Bowel DiseasePDF
LupusPDF
Multiple SclerosisPDF
Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP)PDF
ObesityPDF
Phenylketonuria (PKU)PDF
Physical TraumaPDF
Pregnancy and Natural DisastersPDF
Pregnancy Study ParticipationPDF
Psoriasis and Psoriatic ArthritisPDF
Rheumatic Heart DiseasePDF
Rheumatoid ArthritisPDF
StressPDF
Type 1 and Type 2 DiabetesPDF
Infections & Vaccines
ACAM2000® Smallpox VaccinePDF
COVID-19PDF
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (Moderna/Spikevax® and Pfizer/Comirnaty®)PDF
COVID-19 Protein Subunit Vaccine (Novavax)PDF
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)PDF
DenguePDF
Escherichia coli (E. coli)PDF
Fifth Disease (erythema infectiosum)PDF
Group A Strep InfectionsPDF
Group B Strep (GBS) InfectionsPDF
H5N1 FluPDF
Hepatitis APDF
Hepatitis A VaccinePDF
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)PDF
Human papillomavirus (HPV) VaccinePDF
Listeria Infection (Listeriosis)PDF
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)PDF
MalariaPDF
Measles, Mumps, and RubellaPDF
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) VaccinePDF
Meningococcal VaccinesPDF
Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox)PDF
Mpox/Smallpox Vaccine (JYNNEOS™)PDF
Oropouche Virus DiseasePDF
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine (Abrysvo®)PDF
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)PDF
SalmonellaPDF
Seasonal Influenza (the Flu)PDF
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (Flu Shot)PDF
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph infection)PDF
SyphilisPDF
Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) VaccinePDF
ToxoplasmosisPDF
VaccinesPDF
Varicella (Chickenpox) VaccinePDF
Varicella Infection (Chickenpox)PDF
VibrioPDF
West Nile Virus InfectionPDF
Zika VirusPDF
Medications
Abatacept (Orencia®)PDF
ACE InhibitorsPDF
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)PDF
Acyclovir (Zovirax®) | Valacyclovir (Valtrex®)PDF
Adalimumab (Humira®)PDF
AlbuterolPDF
Alirocumab (Praluent®)PDF
AlprazolamPDF
AmitriptylinePDF
Amlodipine (Norvasc®)PDF
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic AcidPDF
Antiviral Medications to Prevent/Treat Influenza (the Flu)PDF
Apremilast (Otezla®)PDF
Aripiprazole (Abilify®)PDF
Atenolol (Tenormin®)PDF
Atomoxetine (Strattera®)PDF
Azathioprine | 6-mercaptopurinePDF
Azelastine (Astelin®, Optivar®)PDF
BaclofenPDF
Belimumab (Benlysta®)PDF
Benralizumab (Fasenra®)PDF
BenzocainePDF
Bimekizumab (Bimzelx®)PDF
BuprenorphinePDF
Bupropion (Wellbutrin®)PDF
Buspirone (Buspar®)PDF
Calcium CarbonatePDF
CapsaicinPDF
Carbamazepine (Tegretol®)PDF
Cariprazine (Vraylar®)PDF
CarisoprodolPDF
Cephalexin (Keflex®, Keftab®)PDF
Certolizumab Pegol (Cimzia®)PDF
Cetirizine (Zyrtec®)PDF
ChemotherapyPDF
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium®)PDF
ChlorpheniraminePDF
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro®)PDF
Citalopram | Escitalopram (Celexa® | Lexapro®)PDF
ClindamycinPDF
Clonazepam (Klonopin®)PDF
ClonidinePDF
Clopidogrel (Plavix®)PDF
ClorazepatePDF
ClotrimazolePDF
ClozapinePDF
CodeinePDF
Copolymer 1 (Glatiramer acetate; Glatiramer)PDF
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo Provera®)PDF
Desipramine (Norpramin®, Pertofrane®)PDF
Deucravacitinib (Sotyktu®)PDF
DextroamphetaminePDF
Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine (Adderall®)PDF
DextromethorphanPDF
Diazepam (Valium®)PDF
Dimethyl FumaratePDF
DiphenhydraminePDF
Docusate SodiumPDF
DoxepinPDF
Doxylamine succinate-pyridoxine hydrochloride (Diclegis®)PDF
Duloxetine (Cymbalta®)PDF
Dupilumab (Dupixent®)PDF
ErythromycinPDF
Estazolam (Prosom®)PDF
Etanercept (Enbrel®)PDF
Evolocumab (Repatha®)PDF
FamotidinePDF
FentanylPDF
Fexofenadine (Allegra®)PDF
FinasteridePDF
Fluconazole (Diflucan®)PDF
Fluoxetine (Prozac®)PDF
Fluphenazine (Prolixin®, Permitil®)PDF
Flurazepam (Dalmane®)PDF
Formoterol (Foradil®)PDF
GabapentinPDF
General AnesthesiaPDF
GuaifenesinPDF
Guanfacine (Intuniv®, Tenex®)PDF
Guselkumab (TREMFYA®)PDF
Haloperidol (Haldol®)PDF
HydrocodonePDF
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid®)PDF
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®)PDF
Hydroxyurea (Hydrea®; Siklos®)PDF
IbuprofenPDF
Imipramine (Tofranil®)PDF
InfliximabPDF
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs)PDF
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog®)PDF
Insulin GlarginePDF
Iodine-131PDF
Isotretinoin (Accutane®)PDF
KetaminePDF
LabetalolPDF
Lamotrigine (Lamictal®)PDF
LaxativesPDF
Leflunomide (Arava®)PDF
Levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step®)PDF
LidocainePDF
LisinoprilPDF
LithiumPDF
Loratadine (Claritin®)PDF
LorazepamPDF
LosartanPDF
Low Dose AspirinPDF
LoxapinePDF
Lurasidone (Latuda®)PDF
MeclizinePDF
Mepolizumab (Nucala®)PDF
MesalaminePDF
MetforminPDF
MethadonePDF
MethimazolePDF
MethotrexatePDF
MethylphenidatePDF
MetoclopramidePDF
MetoprololPDF
Metronidazole (Flagyl®)PDF
MiconazolePDF
MidazolamPDF
MifepristonePDF
Miglustat (Zavesca®)PDF
Mirtazapine (Remeron®)PDF
Misoprostol (Cytotec®)PDF
MolnupiravirPDF
Montelukast (Singulair®)PDF
MorphinePDF
Mycophenolate (Cellcept®)PDF
NaloxonePDF
NaproxenPDF
Natalizumab (Tysabri®)PDF
Nefazodone (Serzone®)PDF
Nifedipine (Procardia®)PDF
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid®)PDF
NitrofurantoinPDF
Nortriptyline (Aventyl®)PDF
Ofatumumab (Kesimpta®, Arzerra®)PDF
Olanzapine (Zyprexa®)PDF
Omeprazole | EsomeprazolePDF
OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®)PDF
Ondansetron (Zofran®)PDF
Opioids | NarcoticsPDF
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®, Oxtellar XR®)PDF
OxycodonePDF
OxymetazolinePDF
ParoxetinePDF
Penicillin GPDF
PerphenazinePDF
PheniraminePDF
PhenterminePDF
PhenylephrinePDF
Prednisone/PrednisolonePDF
Pregnancy Study ParticipationPDF
PrilocainePDF
Progesterone and ProgestinsPDF
Promethazine (Phenergan®)PDF
PropranololPDF
Propylthiouracil (PTU)PDF
Prucalopride (Motegrity®)PDF
PseudoephedrinePDF
Quetiapine (Seroquel®)PDF
Regular Strength AspirinPDF
Remdesivir (Veklury®)PDF
RisperidonePDF
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus®)PDF
Sarilumab (Kevzara®)PDF
SelegilinePDF
SemaglutidePDF
Sertraline (Zoloft®)PDF
Siponimod (Mayzent®)PDF
StatinsPDF
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim® or Septra®)PDF
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®)PDF
SumatriptanPDF
Temazepam (Restoril®)PDF
Teriflunomide (Aubagio®)PDF
TetracyclinePDF
ThalidomidePDF
Tildrakizumab (Ilumya®)PDF
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®, Zepbound®)PDF
Tocilizumab (Actemra®)PDF
Tofacitinib (Xeljanz®, Xeljanz XR®)PDF
Topical Acne TreatmentsPDF
Topical CorticosteroidsPDF
Topical TretinoinPDF
Topiramate (Topamax®)PDF
Tralokinumab (Adbry ®)PDF
TramadolPDF
TrazodonePDF
Triazolam (Halcion®)PDF
Ustekinumab (Stelara®)PDF
Valproic AcidPDF
Vedolizumab (Entyvio®)PDF
Venlafaxine (Effexor®)PDF
VerapamilPDF
Vilazodone (Viibryd®)PDF
Voxelotor (Oxbryta®)PDF
Ziprasidone (Geodon®)PDF
ZolpidemPDF
Other Common Exposures
CapsaicinPDF
ExercisePDF
Insect RepellentsPDF
LeadPDF
Lice and ScabiesPDF
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)PDF
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)PDF
PesticidesPDF
Physical TraumaPDF
StressPDF
X-raysPDF
Paternal Exposures
Paternal ExposuresPDF
Research
Ankylosing SpondylitisPDF
AsthmaPDF
Atopic DermatitisPDF
Belimumab (Benlysta®)PDF
Certolizumab Pegol (Cimzia®)PDF
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (Moderna/Spikevax® and Pfizer/Comirnaty®)PDF
Guselkumab (TREMFYA®)PDF
Inflammatory Bowel DiseasePDF
Multiple SclerosisPDF
Pregnancy Study ParticipationPDF
Psoriasis and Psoriatic ArthritisPDF
Rheumatoid ArthritisPDF
Siponimod (Mayzent®)PDF
Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) VaccinePDF
Tildrakizumab (Ilumya®)PDF
Tocilizumab (Actemra®)PDF
Tralokinumab (Adbry ®)PDF
Vitamins, Minerals, & Supplements
BerberinePDF
CapsaicinPDF
EchinaceaPDF
Folic Acid | FolatePDF
GingerPDF
Herbal ProductsPDF
IodinePDF
IronPDF
MelatoninPDF
St. John’s WortPDF
Vitamin CPDF
Vitamin DPDF
Vitamin EPDF
ZincPDF
Workplace Exposures
Carbon MonoxidePDF
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)PDF
Hepatitis APDF
Lice and ScabiesPDF
MoldPDF
PaintPDF
Perchloroethylene (PCE, PERC)PDF
PesticidesPDF
Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace Tips for Job SafetyPDF
ToxoplasmosisPDF
Working as a Veterinarian or Veterinarian TechnicianPDF
Working in a Dental OfficePDF
Working in a Nail SalonPDF
Working with X-rays (Ionizing Radiation)PDF

Read Our Blogs

Every person wants to know what’s best for their baby. Our experts address today’s most pressing exposures.

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Browse Studies

Explore our ongoing pregnancy studies by health condition or medication to find the right one for you.

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Current Studies

  • Ankylosing Spondylitis
  • Constipation
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • Eczema (Moderate-to-Severe)/Atopic Dermatitis
  • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
  • Lupus
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
  • Psoriasis
  • Psoriatic Arthritis

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877.311.8972

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nchavez@mothertobaby.org

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